Johns Hopkins University - Applied Physics Laboratory
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) leads NASA missions and conducts significant grant based research on planetary, space and earth science interests. APL has built and operated 70 spacecraft and instruments, including New Horizons and its successful Pluto encounter in 2015, MESSENGER to Mercury, and several operational cubesats. APL built and launched Parker Solar Probe in 2018, which has completed two orbits of the Sun.