CNI Treatment Monitoring Tests were the first reported use in blinded clinical studies of a real time analysis of blood cell-free DNA in the evaluation of drug efficacy versus RECIST imaging criteria. The CNI Treatment Monitoring Test generates a CNI-score which helps doctors assess how well patients are responding to immunotherapy or chemotherapy, at an earlier stage than current diagnostic imaging methods. The test can detect cases of hyper-progression which can be identified by CNI-score at six to nine weeks earlier than by the current practice of imaging.