Regular ELISA Kit

Full performance validation, high-quality raw materials, strict control of microplate precision: CV<10%, high specificity.​

High Sensitivity ELISA Kit​

High sensitivity. For the quantitation of target proteins with extremely low abundance in samples.​

EasyGo!™ One-Step ELISA Kit

Operation time≤90 min. Just add the sample, time-saving, labor-saving, and error-reducing.​

Annexin Apoptosis Kit

Clear separation of cell clusters, easy to operate and multiple labeling options available

Cell Cycle Staining Kit​

Wide applicability, both live and fixed cells, easy operation, stable and reliable results distinct cell cycle stages and low CV vals​

TH/Treg Staining Kit

Ready-to-use, complete kit without the need to purchase additional products and high sensitivity, strong specificity, and stable results

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A Brife Review of the Apoptosis Pathway

Apoptosis occurs through two main pathways: extrinsic and intrinsic. The extrinsic pathway activates caspases via extracellular signals, while the intrinsic pathway involves cytochrome c release from mitochondria, forming an apoptosome with Apaf-1 and caspase-9 to activate caspase-3. Caspases, cysteine proteases, degrade key intracellular proteins, leading to apoptosis. They are divided into the ICE subfamily (involved in inflammation) and the CED-3 family (involved in apoptosis). The mitochondrial pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, which control the permeability transition pore (PT pore) and cytochrome c release. Additional proteins like Smac, AIF, and Endo G also contribute to apoptosis. In Fas signaling, caspase-8 activation amplifies the apoptotic signal through Bid cleavage, particularly in type II cells.

Competitive ELISA: Principles, Methods, and Key Differences

Competitive ELISA is a widely used immunoassay technique for quantifying target analytes in samples by measuring their interference with a known signal. This method is based on the principle of limited antibodies, where the target analyte competes with a labeled antigen for antibody binding. Competitive ELISA is commonly used for detecting small molecules with fewer epitopes and is available in direct and indirect formats. This article explains the fundamental principles, experimental workflow, and key differences between direct and indirect competitive ELISA, helping researchers choose the optimal method for their applications.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF): TNF-α & TNF-β

The Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) family comprises cytokines that induce cell death (apoptosis). Key members include TNF-α and TNF-β. TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is secreted by various cells like macrophages, T cells, and adipocytes. It signals through TNFR1 and TNFR2 receptors, mediating immune responses, tumor cytotoxicity, and roles in septic shock, autoimmune diseases, and inflammation. TNF-β, produced by activated T and B cells, shares similar functions with TNF-α, including immune regulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor cytotoxicity. Both TNF-α and TNF-β exhibit significant cross-reactivity between humans and mice, highlighting their conserved biological roles.

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